更新时间:2025-11-24

翻开任何英语考试卷,被动语态题出现率高达35%(基于近年全国高考及雅思真题统计)。但问题不在“难”,而在“错得冤”。比如:
> *The man taught me how to repair a fridge.*
> 考生常误译:*那人教我如何修冰箱*(主动语态),却漏掉关键——“被教”才是地道表达。
为什么?因为英语母语者习惯用被动语态表达客观事实或弱化施动者(如新闻报道)。若你总用主动语态写“*I was taught*”,反而显得更专业。这是思维习惯。
试想:当你说“*The plan was worked out*”(计划被制定),比“*We worked out the plan*”更显权威——这正是外刊高频用法。
二、两大结构解析:用“动词短语”破局,告别漏译
这是最易错的结构。核心规则:宾语直接升主语,疑问词(how/why等)保留,不定式to V不变。
例如:
> *We asked her to sing a song.*
> → *She was asked to sing a song.*
为什么学生总错?常误删“to sing”或改“to sing”为“sing”。
实战技巧:
- 画箭头:主动语态中“her”是宾语,被动语态中“she”必须升主语。
- 检查点:被动句中“to sing”绝对不能省略(如误写*She was asked sing*)。
深度扩展:
英语中,这类结构多用于教学、请求场景(如课堂指令、礼貌请求)。试对比:
> *The teacher explained to us how to solve the problem.*
> → *We were explained how to solve the problem.*
(正确!但更自然的说法是:*How to solve the problem was explained to us.*)
这才是隐藏炸弹!动词词组(如look after, take care of)必须整体转换,漏掉副词/介词=语法错误。
例如:
> *This old man is well looked after by the young man.*
> → 不能写成*This old man is looked after*(漏了well)。
为什么错?“looked after”是固定词组,相当于“被照顾”,“well”修饰整个动作。
关键口诀:
> 动词短语=一个整体,转换时“动词+副词/介词”必须原样保留。
真实案例:
在《经济学人》中常见:
> *The issue is being carefully handled by the government.*
(问题正被政府谨慎处理。)
若漏掉“carefully”,句子变:*The issue is being handled*(问题正被处理)——意思模糊,失去原意。
三、三步法:从课堂到考试的速成路径
先看主句:
> *These desks and chairs must be taken good care of.*
(这些课桌椅必须好好爱护。)
→ 核心动词词组:*take good care of*(不能拆成*take* + *good care of*)。
主动语态:*We must take good care of these desks and chairs.*
→ 被动语态:*These desks and chairs must be taken good care of.*
(注意:*good care of* 作为整体,不可改写为*care of*或*good care*。)
- 副词:*well looked after* → 保留*well*
- 介词:*put up*(贴出)→ 保留*up*
- 疑问词:*how to repair* → 保留*how*
避坑指南:
> *I hope a new plan will be worked out.*
(我希望能制定新计划。)
→ 错误:*I hope a new plan will work out.*(漏掉被动,意思成“计划自己实现”)
→ 正确:*be worked out*(被制定)。
四、为什么这个技能能让你“赢在写作”?
语态转换是提升英文表达质感的核心。看两个对比:
| 主动语态 | 被动语态 | 适用场景 |
|---|---|---|
| *The government announced the policy.* | *The policy was announced by the government.* | 新闻报道、正式文件(更客观) |
| *We need to improve the system.* | *The system needs to be improved.* | 学术写作(弱化“我们”) |
深度价值:
在《纽约时报》中,被动语态使用率达42%(基于语料库统计),因为它让信息更聚焦。例如:
> *The healthcare system has been denounced as wrong.*
(医疗系统已被斥为错误。)
→ 比*The UN denounced the healthcare system*更突出“系统”本身,符合英文逻辑。
五、课后实战:3个句子练到“肌肉记忆”
> *Former UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has denounced the US healthcare system as politically and morally wrong.*
→ 语法结构:主语(Ban Ki-moon)+ 谓语(has denounced)+ 宾语(the system)+ 补语(as politically and morally wrong)。
→ 被动转换:*The US healthcare system has been denounced by Ban Ki-moon as politically and morally wrong.*
(关键:宾语“system”升主语,谓语“denounced”变“has been denounced”,补语保留。)
> — You ___ on the phone, Mr. Smith.
> — Who is it?
> A. are wanted B. want C. have wanted D. wanted
答案:A
→ 分析:主动语态*Someone wants you* → 被动语态*You are wanted*。动词词组“be wanted”整体转换,无副词/介词需保留。
将主动句改写为被动,提升正式感:
> *The students must complete the assignment before Friday.*
→ *The assignment must be completed by the students before Friday.*
(更符合学术写作规范。)
语法是思维的翅膀
语态转换的终极奥义在于理解英语的表达逻辑——它用被动语态把焦点从“谁做”转向“做了什么”。
当你能自然写出*The solution was proposed in the meeting*(方案在会议上被提出),而非*We proposed the solution*,你的英语表达已进入新维度。
别再为“语态”焦虑。今天起,每次读英文文章时,刻意找一句被动语态,拆解它的结构。三个月后,你会惊讶于自己的阅读速度和写作质感。因为真正的语言能力,从来不是背规则,而是让规则成为你的本能。