高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略
【来源:易教网 更新时间:2024-09-18】篇1:高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略
高考英语的阅读理解会占用高考英语很长时间,很多考生把时间都耗费到高考英语阅读理解上,高考英语作文写作时间就来不要急了,下面是有途网小编整理的高考英语阅读理解答题好方法,希望大家喜欢。
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略
1.快速浏览:快速浏览有助于我们迅速的了解文章的大致信息,掌握文章的主题思想。
2.读清题目:在答题时,一定不要急于去选择,要看清楚题目,看清题目说的是什么,问的是什么。
3.对照阅读:将题目的问题与文章相应的部分进行对照阅读,能够帮助我们快速的寻找出答案所在。
4.答案排异:一道题目中,如果有2个或多个答案为同一个意思,那么答案肯定就不是这几个,除非是多选题,所以有时答题并非全靠文章,答案本身就有明显的提示。
高考英语阅读理解解题方法
1.细节题:指针高考英语阅读理解某个细节而设置的试题它的命题方法很多,可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节(通常是四个)放在一起要求考生判断是非(选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项)或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时,一个常用的方法就是运用定位法,即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子,与选项进行比较从而确定答案(此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换)。
(1)关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题,如涉及到数字(日期、时间、价格等),就可以在文章中快速圈出数字,再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息,还有人物姓名、地点名词等等,其他的还包括一些提示情节发展,或条纲性关键字眼,如First, Next, Finally等等。
(2)同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致,但属于同义性质,同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯。
2.推断题:在高考英语阅读理解文字面意思的基础上,通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示,做出一定的判断和推理,从而得到深层意义及隐含意义的过程。高考英语阅读理解经常出现的词有infer, imply, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, prove /according to等。
3.主旨大意题:Topic/Title型-使用逆推法:
(1)要在高考英语阅读理解原文基础上,仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系
(2)再看选项对高考英语阅读理解的概括性或覆盖面如何
(3)要注意高考英语阅读理解题目是否过大或者过小
(4)要避免概括不够(多表现为部分代整体,导致范围过小);过度概括(多表现为扩大范围);以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。
4.词义句意题:要求考生通过高考英语阅读理解的上下文,结合中学生应有的赏识来推测尚不熟悉的词或者词组的意思,往往是本句中的同位关系进行猜测。
5.结构顺序题:
(1)注意主题段。主题段通常在高考英语阅读理解的开头,简要概括文章的中心思想。
(2)找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在高考英语阅读理解段落的开头,也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之main idea型。
(3) 最后根据高考英语阅读理解每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系,承上启下,使文章行文连贯,逻辑严密。为突出主题,作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章,通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。
如何答好高考英语阅读理解题
读完高考英语阅读理解后我们常有这样的情况,句子都能看懂,但读完文章印象却不深,这就牵涉到对文章框架结构的整体理解。如何学会对文章的整体理解呢?首先,要重视文章的题目和文章的首句。因为文章的题目就是文章的主题,文章的内容就是环绕主题展开。首句很关键是因为首句是文章的导入,点明作者写文章的意图,背景等。接着的每一段的第一句也很重要,因为每段的第一句实际上多半是每段的主题句,然后进行陈述或论述,逐步展开,给予例证,最后把该段内容用一句话来小结,所以每段的最后一个句子常常是该段的结论句,而整篇文章的最后一句就往往是这篇文章的结论或作者写这篇文章的用意所在。所以我们在阅读文章时要养成这样一个习惯:见了文章的题目,要停顿一下,想一想,如果让你写这篇文章将如何写,或猜一猜,这篇文章大概写什么,然后你会饶有兴趣地读下去。接着在往下阅读时特别注意每段的第一句与最后一句,并用心记往,在读完全文时清晰地将全文的主要内容像看电影似的一幅一幅地印在脑中,记忆很深既把握住了全文的主要内容、论点、论据,又学会了作者的逻辑推理的方法技巧及整篇文章的框架结构,而这是写文章最重要的,也就是文章的构思。
篇2:高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略及经典题型一
(1) Son’s Help
Mr. Lang worked in a factory. As a driver, he was busy but he was paid much. His wife was an able woman and did all the housework. When he came back, she took good care of him and he never did anything at home. So he had enough time when he had a holiday. A few friends of his liked gambling(赌博) and he learned it soon. So he was interested in it and hardly forgot anything except gambling. He lost all his money and later he began to sell the television, watches and so on. His wife told him not to do it but he didn’t listen to her. She had to tell the police. He and his friends were punished for it. And he was hardly sent away. After he came out of lockup(拘留所), he hated her very much and the woman had to leave him.
It was New Year’s Day. Mr. Lang didn’t go to work. He felt lonely and wanted to gamble again. He called his friends and they came soon. But they were afraid the police would come. He told his five-year-old son to go to find out if there were the policemen outside. They waited for a long time and didn’t think the police would come and began to gamble. Suddenly opened the door and in came a few policemen. “I saw there weren’t any policemen outside, daddy,” said the boy, “so I went to the crossing and asked some to come.” 1. Mr. Lang was paid much because _______.
A. he was a driver B. he worked in a factory
C. he had a lot of work to do D. he had worked there for a long time 2. Mrs. Lang did all housework because _______.
A. she couldn’t find any work B. she thought her husband was tired C. her husband spent all time in gambling D. she wouldn’t stop her husband gambling 3. _______, so he was put into lockup.
A. Mr. Lang often gambled B. Mr. Lang was late for work
C. Mr. Lang didn’t help his wife at home D. Mr. Lang wasn’t polite to the police 4. The woman had to leave Mr. Lang because _______. A. he didn’t love her any longer B. he wouldn’t stop gambling
C. he had been put into lockup D. he was hardly sent away by the factory 5. Which of the following is right? A. The boy hoped his father to be put into lockup again. B. The boy thought his father needed some policemen. C. The boy hoped his father to stop gambling soon. D. The boy hoped his mother to come back.
【答案与解析】本文讲一个赌棍想要赌钱,因此叫他的儿子把风,可他的儿子却把警察找来的故事。
1. C。细节题。根据第1段第2句话 As a driver, he was busy but he was paid much 可知答案为 C。
2. B。推断题。根据第1段第3句话 His wife was an able woman and did all the housework. When he came back, she took good care of him and he never did anything at home 可知答案为 B。
3. A。推断题。根据 His wife told him not to do it but he didn’t listen to her. She had to tell the police 可知答案为 A。
4. A。细节题。根据 …he hated her very much and the woman had to leave him可知答案为 A。
5. B。语义理解题。根据最后一句话 I saw there weren’t any policeman outside, daddy, so I went to the crossing and asked some to come 可知答案为 B。
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略及经典题型二
(2) Students in many countries are learning English. Some of these students are small children. Others are teen-agers. Many are adults. Some learn at school, others by
themselves. A few learn English by learning the language over the radio, on TV, or in film. One must work hard to learn another languag
e. Why do all these people want to learn English? It is difficult to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects required for study. They study their own language and maths and English: Some people learn it because it is useful for their work. Many people learn English for their work. Many people learn English for their higher studies, because at college or university some of their books are in English. Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English. 1. People learn English _______.
A. at school B. over the radio C. on TV D. not all in the same way
2. Different kinds of people want to learn English _______. A. together with other subjects B. for different reas**
C. for their work D. for higher studies at colleges 3. From this passage we know that _______.
A. we can learn English easily B. English is very difficult to learn C. English is learned by most people in the world D. English is a useful language but one must work hard to learn 4. Which of the following is right?
A. We don’t need to learn any foreign languages. B. We can do well in all our work without English. C. English is the most important subject in schools.
D. We should learn English because we need to face the world.
【答案与解析】这篇文章探究了学习英语热潮的现象和发生这种现象的原因。
1. D。由第1段我们可以知道学习英语的形式可以over the radio, on TV, or in film等不同的方式。
2. B。根据第2段人们学习英语的原因有required for study, useful for their work, for high studies 等几种。由此可推知人们学习英语的原因是不同的。
3. D。由于人们学习英语的各种原因可以发现英语是非常有用的。但从small children到adults(成年人)都用各种形式去学,说明英语必须靠人的努力才能学好。
4. D。由于文章中说很多国家都学习英语,那么如果不学习英语就不能融入现代社会。所以学习英语的目的是we need to face the world(我们需要面对这个世界)。
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略及经典题型三
Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, “Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one. ”The machine, with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $ 30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, “The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.” Q: What can you conclude from this passage?
A. the engineer asked for too much money B. the workers should pay the money
C. the knowledge is worth money D. the new part could cost more 这篇短文是作者讲的一个故事,那么通过这个故事我们可以判断出什么呢?虽然作者没有言明,但是我们可以断定,发现问题的所在需要智慧和知识,知识是创造价值的源泉,因此此题的正确答案应为C。 Ⅳ.主旨大意题
这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体,并真正理解主题和中心;要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题,难度较大,属于高层次题。
篇3:高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略
1、阅读的方法可以使用以下几种:
(1)跳读:就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读,找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。
(2)略读:指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读,目的是了解大意,对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。
(3)精读:即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法,目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。
2、在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点:
(1)带着问题阅读短文。
(2)找出主题句、确定中心思想。
(3)推断单词、句子和文章的含义。
(4)尽快选择答案。
二、不同体裁文章的特点
1、记叙文
记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。
传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键,根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件,抓住文章的主要内容。
故事类文章情节性较强,阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件,这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息,对于准确理解文章十分重要。
2、说明文
说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍,解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多,主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。
(1)数字说明文
在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义,从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。
(2)解释说明文
解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读,将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。
(3)比较说明文
比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是,在一般情况下,作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。
3、应用文
应用文涉及的范围比较广,包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁,省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息,并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对题干的理解尤为重要。
阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题(是指在短文中客观存在的事实,客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。即理解文中的具体事实或抽象概念)和主观理解题(这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案,须通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深理解,并据此进行判断和推理)。
其中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题;主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。
针对不同类型的题目,要在平时的练习过程中,结合具体的题目,给学生进行解题方法的指导和讲解。对于客观题,要提醒他们阅读时关注文章的细节,如时间,地点或一些具体数字,在选择答案时,务必从原文中找到确切的依据。
三、解题技巧
我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下四大题型,根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同,可采用不同的解题技巧来应付。
1、事实细节题
属于细节类型的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节,题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。
第一种是直接理解题,在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题,正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。
做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节,所选答案一定要符合原文,切不可望文生义。这类题型的主要提问方式常为:
①Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage?
②Which of the following statements is NOT discussed/mentioned in the passage?
③Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?
④All the following statements are NOT true except .
细节题的破解一般采用寻读法,即先看试题,再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比,有根有据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率,节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。
做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词,如:表因果关系的because, since, as等;表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。
2、猜测词义题
在高考阅读题中,考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个:一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导;二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍,从而出现理解偏差或理解困难,影响阅读的速度。
其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念,要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手:
(1)根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义
在be,be called,call等判断词出现的判断句中,或定语从句及标点符号,可以根据已知部分,猜测生词的含义。例如:The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.通过理解定语从句的意思,能猜出herdsman是“牧人”。
(2)根据对比关系猜测生词的词义
在but,however,yet,otherwise,though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中,其前后的词有明显对比关系,根据已知的内容,通过这种对比关系,就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如:Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. 和clean意思相对的便是“肮脏的”了,因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”。
(3)通过因果关系猜测词义
because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词,so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词,so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中,通过因果关系,依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如:She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据because从句所讲的意思,我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意。
(4)根据生活常识猜测词义
运用逻辑推理能力,自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分,可以正确猜出词义。例如:Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 根据句子意思及生活经验,wither表示“枯萎”。
(5)根据同等关系猜测词义
同等关系,指的是一个词,一组词或短语在句中作同一成分,而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是,这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如:At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. 从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。
(6)根据列举的事例猜测词义
You can take any of the periodicals: “The World of English”. “Foreign Language Teaching in Schools”, or “English Learning”. 从后面列举的例子中,可以猜出periodical是“期刊,杂志”的意思。
(7)根据构词法知识猜测词义
根据学过的构词法知识,知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义,就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。例如在福建的高考题文章中有这样一句:
The schools are reluctant to take off — even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.
A.kind B.unwilling C. free D.careless 【解题思路】通过破折号可知正确答案为B.
3、推理判断题
做这类题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时,又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断,力求从作者的角度去考虑,不要固守自己的看法或观点。不要主观臆断,凭空想象,任意发挥,而走入误区。
学生要学会运用主题句去推测、揣摩文字背后作者的意图,运用归纳、对比、演绎技能,运用背景知识去挖掘文章深层含义,从而正确理解作者的言外之意,同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调(如:否定、厌恶、反问、讽刺等)。这类试题常以如下句式发问:
①What can you conclude/ imply from this passage?
②What’s the author’s attitude(态度)towards...?
③We can infer /learn from the passage that...
如:Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, “Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one. ”The machine, with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $ 30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, “The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.”
Q: What can you conclude from this passage?
A. the engineer asked for too much money
B. the workers should pay the money
C. the knowledge is worth money
D. the new part could cost more
这篇短文是作者讲的一个故事,那么通过这个故事我们可以判断出什么呢?虽然作者没有言明,但是我们可以断定,发现问题的所在需要智慧和知识,知识是创造价值的源泉,因此此题的正确答案应为C。
4、主旨大意题
这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体,并真正理解主题和中心;要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题,难度较大,属于高层次题。
一般主旨大意题可以分为两类:
(1)确定文章的标题和主题
标题位于文章之首,用来高度概括文章内容,点明文章主题。它可以是单词,短语,也可以是句子。
要确定文章标题,首先,要在阅读原文的基础上,考虑标题是否与主题密切相关;其次,看标题是否能概括全文内容。不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节;然后,要注意标题范围不应太大或太小;最后,标题应简练并能吸引读者。即:1、独特新颖 2、概括性强 3、短小精炼。
常见的标题型题干:
①The best title/ headline for this passage might be________.
②The text (passage) could be entitled ______.
③What is the best title for the passage?
④What’s the topic of the article?
如:In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”.
However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success.
Q: The text is mainly about________.
A. Lexico B. Three men C . A word game D. Alfred Butts.
【解题思路】答案A 和C以偏概全。因此此题的正确答案应为D。
(2)主题句(topic sentence)及主旨大意(main idea)的概括
一篇文章一般表达一个中心内容或主题。这个中心内容或主题通常用一个句子来概括。此句叫做主题句。
一般来说,说明文和议论文都有主题句,而且多位于文章的开头,有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句,要求读者把握每段的主题句,弄清段于段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。
主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容,具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展。
常见的主题句和主旨型题干:
①What is the topic sentence of the passage?
②This article/text/passage mainly tells that _____________.
③Which of the following gives a general idea of the passage?
④Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
如:Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
Q: What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.
B. Bingham is a diligent student.
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.
D. A good lawyer needs good education.
【解题思路】 此文没有主题句。全篇共四句,只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看,个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来,进行逻辑推理,才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况,即作者想告诉我们的是:Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育,所以答案是 C。
总之,阅读水平的提高不是一两天的阅读就可以见效的。想要提高阅读能力,一是要培养良好的阅读行为习惯;如:要用眼光看,不要用手指去点;要默读,不要小声读。
二是要积累大量的词汇,把阅读中的高频难词熟记,每次阅读后要整理好生词,然后记住其意思。
三是要广泛地做课后阅读,坚持每天读1-2篇文章。
四是不要一遇到生词就查字典,要先猜其意义,等做完题目后再查字典,以免影响阅读速度。
四、基础练习
1、故事类
Mr. Lang worked in a factory. As a driver, he was busy but he was paid much. His wife was an able woman and did all the housework. When he came back, she took good care of him and he never did anything at home. So he had enough time when he had a holiday. A few friends of his liked gambling(赌博) and he learned it soon. So he was interested in it and hardly forgot anything except gambling. He lost all his money and later he began to sell the television, watches and so on. His wife told him not to do it but he didn’t listen to her. She had to tell the police. He and his friends were punished for it. And he was hardly sent away. After he came out of lockup(拘留所), he hated her very much and the woman had to leave him.
It was New Year’s Day. Mr. Lang didn’t go to work. He felt lonely and wanted to gamble again. He called his friends and they came soon. But they were afraid the police would come. He told his five-year-old son to go to find out if there were the policemen outside. They waited for a long time and didn’t think the police would come and began to gamble. Suddenly opened the door and in came a few policemen.
“I saw there weren’t any policemen outside, daddy,” said the boy, “so I went to the crossing and asked some to come.”
1. Mr. Lang was paid much because _______.
A. he was a driver
B. he worked in a factoryC. he had a lot of work to do
D. he had worked there for a long time
2. Mrs. Lang did all housework because _______.
A. she couldn’t find any work
B. she thought her husband was tiredC. her husband spent all time in gambling
D. she wouldn’t stop her husband gambling
3. _______, so he was put into lockup.
A. Mr. Lang often gambled
B. Mr. Lang was late for workC. Mr. Lang didn’t help his wife at home
D. Mr. Lang wasn’t polite to the police
4. The woman had to leave Mr. Lang because _______.
A. he didn’t love her any longer
B. he wouldn’t stop gamblingC. he had been put into lockup
D. he was hardly sent away by the factory
5. Which of the following is right?
A. The boy hoped his father to be put into lockup again.B. The boy thought his father needed some policemen.C. The boy hoped his father to stop gambling soon.D. The boy hoped his mother to come back.
【答案与解析】本文讲一个赌棍想要赌钱,因此叫他的儿子把风,可他的儿子却把警察找来的故事。
1. C。细节题。根据第1段第2句话 As a driver, he was busy but he was paid much 可知答案为 C。
2. B。推断题。根据第1段第3句话 His wife was an able woman and did all the housework. When he came back, she took good care of him and he never did anything at home 可知答案为 B。
3. A。推断题。根据 His wife told him not to do it but he didn’t listen to her. She had to tell the police 可知答案为 A。
4. A。细节题。根据 …he hated her very much and the woman had to leave him可知答案为 A。
5. B。语义理解题。根据最后一句话 I saw there weren’t any policeman outside, daddy, so I went to the crossing and asked some to come 可知答案为 B。
(2)教育类
Students in many countries are learning English. Some of these students are small children. Others are teen-agers. Many are adults. Some learn at school, others by themselves. A few learn English by learning the language over the radio, on TV, or in film. One must work hard to learn another language.
Why do all these people want to learn English? It is difficult to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects required for study. They study their own language and maths and English: Some people learn it because it is useful for their work. Many people learn English for their work. Many people learn English for their higher studies, because at college or university some of their books are in English. Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English.
1. People learn English _______.
A. at school
B. over the radio
C. on TV
D. not all in the same way
2. Different kinds of people want to learn English _______.
A. together with other subjects
B. for different reas**C. for their work
D. for higher studies at colleges
3. From this passage we know that _______.
A. we can learn English easily
B. English is very difficult to learnC. English is learned by most people in the worldD. English is a useful language but one must work hard to learn
4. Which of the following is right?
A. We don’t need to learn any foreign languages.B. We can do well in all our work without English.C. English is the most important subject in schools.D. We should learn English because we need to face the world.
【答案与解析】这篇文章探究了学习英语热潮的现象和发生这种现象的原因。
1. D。由第1段我们可以知道学习英语的形式可以over the radio, on TV, or in film等不同的方式。
2. B。根据第2段人们学习英语的原因有required for study, useful for their work, for high studies 等几种。由此可推知人们学习英语的原因是不同的。
3. D。由于人们学习英语的各种原因可以发现英语是非常有用的。但从small children到adults(成年人)都用各种形式去学,说明英语必须靠人的努力才能学好。
4. D。由于文章中说很多国家都学习英语,那么如果不学习英语就不能融入现代社会。所以学习英语的目的是we need to face the world(我们需要面对这个世界)。
篇4:高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略
高考英语阅读理解怎么做 有什么解题技巧
我们在做高中英语的阅读理解时往往摸不到头绪,那么高考英语阅读理解怎么做,有哪些解题技巧?下面有途网 小编为大家解答一下!
如何做高考英语阅读理解
1、略读法
略读法是快速阅读中的一种方法,通常又称为浏览。略读的关键是在能抓住文章要点的前提下以个人最快的速度阅读,主要目的是尽快获得足够的信息以便准确地回答有关文章主旨和大意的问题。利用略读法去做阅读时,要特别注意文章首尾两段,要学会寻找文章段落的主题句,这是高效省时抓住段落要点的一条捷径,同时也是准确理解全文大意的有效途径。
2、查阅法
考生从文段中获得所需的具体信息,可以不需要阅读整篇文章,而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分,然后加以阅读就行,这种方法就是查阅法。查阅法主要是获得具体的信息,回答具体的问题,即测试中的细节问题,它常常与5W和1H,即Who,What,When,Where,Why和How有关,有时跟具体的数字如长度、宽度、距离、大小、尺寸等有联系。考生在使用查阅法时,应该注意文章的结构和顺序排列,文章的结构有的是按时间顺序排列,有的是按空间顺序排列,有的是按逻辑顺序排列。弄清楚文章的排列顺序考生就能在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时,准确无误,在最短的时间内找到所需的信息。
3、同义互释法
所谓同义互释,就是在阅读的时候从备选项中找出与原文意思相同或相近的词、词组或短语,它们在意思上相同或相近,可以互相解释,互相替换,这种阅读方式叫做同义互释法。它是英语阅读理解的常见方法之一,在高考中有些深层理解或者判断推理的问题可以采用同义互释法。
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略总结
1. 正选法与排除法
正选法即根据所读材料内容从正面选择最佳答案。如果在有些情况下从正面选择答案有困难,考生则可以考虑选用排除法,即排除四个选项中的三个错误选项,那么剩下的选项即为正确答案。排除法是解答阅读理解题的常用方法,对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项,以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等,都可以采用排除法。
2. 定位法与跳读法
定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位),然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换),从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文,并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落,然后进行分析和推理等,从而找出正确答案。
篇5:高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略 怎样提高成绩
英语阅读理解在高考英语中占很大的比重,想要提高英语阅读理解的成绩,那么以后一定要掌握正确方法,仅供大家参考。
高考英语阅读理解有哪些解题方法
在做英语阅读理解的时候应该明确主题,知道这篇文章讲的是一件关于什么的事情,以至于在后来的答题过程中不会跑题,所以明确阅读理解的主旨是非常重要的,这就要求大家找出主旨句,对文章的主旨进行概括。
在对文章的主题明确之后大家应该就应该精读文章,带着问题就读文章,在文章中找到正确答案,在做英语阅读理解的时候大家一定要注意不应该带着主观情绪去读文章,而是应该客观的分析文章中的问题,直接到文章中去答案,对文章表述的内容客观的去理解,从而作答题目。
怎样提高阅读理解的成绩
想要提高文章阅读劣迹的成绩,这就要求大家在平时的时候应该怎家词汇量,有很多同学在做英语阅读理解的时候出现问题都是以为做题的时候不认识单词,所以导致大家在做题的时候存在很多的阻碍,认识了单词之后还需要掌握英语语法,对英语语法的掌握能够帮助大家更好的翻译文章,梳理文章的语序问题。有了这些基础知识作文支撑之后,大家应该做的就是多加练习,因为阅读理解的文体有很多,并且阅读理解的题型也是很多的,大家在做阅读理解的时候就应该多加练习,增加经验,保证大家在考场中能够更好的发挥,更加的得心应手。
篇6:高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略
阅读理解的解题技巧
1.例证题:
①例证题的标记。当题干中出现example,case,illustrate,illustration,exemplify时。
②返回原文,找出该例证所在的位置,既给该例子定位。
③搜索该例证周围的区域,90%向上,10%向下,找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。
注意:举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。
④找出该论点,并与四个选项比较,得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。
⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是:就事论事。
即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。(╳)
要求:在阅读中,遇到长的例子,立即给这个例子定位,即找出起始点,从哪开始到哪结束。
2.指代题:
①返回原文,找出出题的指代词。
②向上搜索,找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找,找不到再找次近的,一般答案不会离得太远)。
③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词,看其意思是否通顺。
④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较,找出最佳答案。
3.词汇题:“搜索代入”法
①返回原文,找出该词汇出现的地方。
②确定该词汇的词性
③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找),代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适
④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相,即答案
注意:
a.如果该词汇是简单词汇,则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。
b.高考阅读不是考察字认识不认识,而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。
c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。
d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号,分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列,也就是两句话的意思相同,所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀,特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如:让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思,我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。
▲隐蔽型词汇题:题干与原文的某句完全重合,只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样,往上往下找。
4.句子理解题:
①返回原文找到原句。
②对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析(找主干),应该重点抓原句的字面含义。若该句的字面含义不能确定,则依据上下文进行判断。注意:局部含义是由整体决定的。
③一般来说,选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同,只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。
④句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征:推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。
思路:对句子微观分析?不行就依据上下文?选择时不要推得过远。
5.推理题:“最近原则”
①标志:learn,infer,imply,inform
②看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位,我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。
③依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理,若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样,
则该选项必然是正确答案。推理题不是考察我们的想象力,它实际是考察我们原文中的某几个点如一个、两个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有。因此,不推的比推的好;推的近的比推的远的要好。
④推理题的最近答案原则:不推的要比推的好,推的近的要比推的远的好,直接推出的要比间接推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法)
注意:做题时不能想得太多,推得过远。是否把原文读懂才是关键。
6.主旨题:“串线摘帽”
即在自然段少的时候串串线,串线法解不出来时,大帽子、小帽子摘一下。
①主旨题的标志:mainlyabout,mainlydiscuss,thebesttitle
②串线法:抓首段和其余各段的第一句话,把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词,特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章;针对自然段多的文章,主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的)
③小心首段陷阱。
④主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是:
⑴局部信息,即选项的内容小于文章的内容;
⑵范围过宽,即选项的内容大于文章的内容。
⑤逆向思维法、快速作文法:在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时,试着从选项出发,想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容,然后把它与文章的内容比较,接近的即为正确选项。
7.作者态度题:
①标志:attitude
②应精确理解四个选项的含义。
③不要掺杂自己的观点。
④可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。如:fortunately,excessively,toomany.
⑤举例的方式。
⑥抓论述的主线。把第一段读透,把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出来,看整个文章的谋篇结构。
⑦做作者态度题时特别注意:首先看清楚是谁对谁的态度。
8.判断题:
①看可否通过四个选项具体化到文中一点或者根据自然段原则定位。
②每个选项都应返回原文,不能凭主观印象进行判断。
③要重点抓是“三错一对”还是“三对一错”的关系(做题是要看清题目)。
9.细节题:
看完题目回到原文,重叠原文,得出答案
10.重点题型中的几个问题:
①词汇题:字面意思不是答案,要根据上下文推测其深刻含义
②句子理解题:一般不要求推理,只看句子本身。
③推理题:答案很大程度上是原文的重现,不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出。
11.正确答案的特征:
①正确答案经常与中心思想有关。
②正确答案的位置,最常见的三个位置是:段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。
③正确答案经常运用的原则是:同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。
④从语气角度来看,正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如:can,may,might,possible,notnecessarily,some.
⑤正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性,不能只见树木不见森林。
12.错误答案的特征:
第一大层次:
①无中生有(未提及的概念);
②正反混淆(选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反);
③所答非所问(虽然选项的说法没有问题,符合原文,但和题干搭不上边)
第二大层次:
①过分绝对;
②扩大范围(注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly);
③因果倒置;
④常识判断;
⑤推得过远;
⑥偏离中心;
⑦变换词性。
常识判断:如果一个选项仅仅符合常识,不一定是正确答案,还要看文章中类似的意思有没有出现;
如果一个选项不符合常识,一定不是正答案。
能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了,才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧。
篇7:高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略
高考英语阅读理解如何答题 最全英语解题技巧
对于高中英语来说,阅读理解是占分比很多的一项大题,并且也是最容易提升的,下面有途网小编为大家整理了一些英语阅读理解的解题技巧,供参考。
英语阅读理解高分解题技巧
快速浏览。快速浏览英语阅读理解有助于我们迅速的了解文章的大致信息,掌握文章的主题思想
读清题目。在英语阅读理解的答题时,一定不要急于去选择,要看清楚题目,看清题目说的是什么,问的是什么
对照阅读。将题目的问题与文章相应的部分进行对照阅读,能够帮助我们快速的寻找出答案所在
答案排异。一道题目中,如果有2个或多个答案为同一个意思,那么答案肯定就不是这几个,除非是多选题,所以,有时答题并我全靠文章,答案本身就有明显的提示!
答案选择。如果对短文内容无法理解,那么我们就只能从答案入手了,如果4个答案有3个是一个意思,那么就选择另外一个,如果意思各不同的话就只有参照老规矩了,(三短一长选一长,三长一短选一短,长短不一选B,长度相同选C)!
高考阅读的时间分配问题:1. 4篇75—80分钟,平均每篇15—20分钟。
2. 读文章的时间分配:用6—8分钟完成第一遍阅读,10—14分钟来琢磨题目,每题平均2分钟。
阅读理解中做题误区
1. 读的太快,做英语阅读理解题靠印象和直觉。(要求每一道题回到原文去找答案)
2. 先看题目,后读文章。(与先读文章后看题目的比较)
高考阅读方法:先通读英语阅读理解全文,重点读首段、各段的段首段尾句,然后其他部分可以略读,再审题定位,重叠选项,选出答案。要有把握文章宏观结构、中心句的能力。
3. 阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有:
①标志类、指示类的信息。
a.表示并列关系:and;also;coupled with等
b.表示转折关系:but;yet;however;by contrast等
c.表示因果关系:therefor;thereby;consequently;as a result等
d.表示递进关系:in addition to;even;what'more;furthermore等
e.表示重要性的词: prime;above all;first等
以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握
②具有感情色彩显示作者态度的词:blind盲目的(贬)excessively过分的(贬)
篇8:高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略 怎么猜测生词词义
近几年的高考阅读理解题中,词义猜测类题越来越受到命题者的青睐。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据文章内容和所学知识推测词义的能力,包括考查生词词义或熟词新义,或是一些短语的引申意义或是一句话的含义。下面有途网小编就和大家说下高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略,怎么猜测生词词义,供大家参考。
有些词虽然不能直接猜测出其意义,但在上下文中能找到一些与之具有对比关系的[JP3]词,通过了解这些词的意义,就可以推断出所考查词的意思。考生通过这种对比关系,就很容易猜出生词的词义了。还可以通过近义词或反义词提供的信息猜测生词的词义。
俗话说,"有因必有果,有果必有因"。根据原因可以预测结果,根据结果也可以找出原因。如because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词;so是连接表示结果状语从句的连词;so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的连词。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中,考生通过因果关系,依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。
合成法。合成词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的。遇到这类生词时可根据合成法来猜测词义。
英语的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词等。
合成形容词的构成方法如下:
(1)形容词+现在分词,如good-looking好看的;
(2)副词+现在分词,如hard-working辛勤的,工作努力的;
(3)名词+现在分词,如peace-loving爱好和平的;
(4)名词+过去分词,如state-owned国有的。
合成名词的常见构成方式有:
(1)名词+名词,如silkworm蚕;
(2)形容词+名词,如shorthand速记;
(3现在分词+名词,如waiting room候车室,sleeping pill安眠药。
篇9:高考英语阅读理解解题技巧攻略
通过详细分析历年高考英语试卷,我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下几种题型:主旨大意题,细节理解题,推理判断题(含写作意图、目的等),词义猜测题。英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略是学生提高阅读理解需要具备的。
题型分类
一、 主旨大意题
这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词。
1.归纳标题题
特点:短小精悍,一般多为一个短语;涵盖性强,一般能覆盖全文意思;精确性强,表达范围要恰当,不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有:
What’s the best title for the text?
The best title for this passage is ___.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
2. 概括大意题
包括寻找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea),常见命题形式有:
What is the general/main idea of the passage?
Which of the following expresses the main idea?
What is the subject discussed in the text?
What’s the article mainly about ?
解题技巧
阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文,这两种文体的结构可归纳为:提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章,抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况。
位于段首:一般而言,以演绎法撰写的文章,主题句往往在文章的开头,即先点出主题,然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句,可具体分析段落的首句与第二,三句的关系;如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明,论述或描述,那第一句就是主题句。有些段落,在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词,如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。
位于段尾:有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此,如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话,最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子,看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主题句的特征,段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。一般说来,当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时,主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如so,therefore,thus,consequently;in conclusion,in short;in a word, to sum up等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号时,学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词,以确定其是否是主题句。
位于段中:有时段落是先介绍背景和细节,接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例,然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况:先提出问题,然后给予回答(主题句),最后给予解释;或者,先提出问题,然后点出主题思想(主题句),最后给予解释。
首尾呼应:主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现,形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容,但用词不尽相同,这样不但强调了主题思想,而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复,后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述,或对要点作一概括,或使之引申留给读者去思考。
无明确主题句:找关键词(出现频率较高), 归纳总结。
注意
新题型中有一个选项是干扰项,解答此类题时同学易犯以下三种错误:
(1)表述过于片面,只涵盖该段个别细节;
(2)表述太过于笼统,已经超出该段的内容;
(3)表述与段落内容无关,在段落中找不到相关依据
二、细节理解题
考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然,答案并不一定是文章中的原句,大家需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。
1.事实细节题→寻读法
分为直接理解题和间接理解题,前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问,或判断正误;后者需与原文信息转换,表达上与原文有差异。常见命题形式有:
What can we learn from the passage?
All the following are mentioned except
Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?
Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?
2. 排列顺序题→首尾定位法(找出第一个事件和最后一个事件,用排除法缩小范围)
常出现在记叙文和说明文中,一般按事件发生的顺序。常见命题形式有:
Which of the following is the correct order of…?
Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?
3. 图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索
设题形式:给出图表,根据图表提问问题。
4. 数字计算题→(方法:审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算)
可直接找到相关细节,但需经过计算方可找到答案。
三、推理判断题
主要考查大家对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断,包括考生对作者观点的理解,态度的判断,对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。题干关键词:infer(推断), indicate(象征,暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出结论), assume(假定,设想).
1.细节推理判断题
一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断,常见命题形式有:
It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.
The author implies/ suggests that_____.
We may infer that _________.
Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?
2.预测推理判断题
根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测,常见命题形式有:
What do you think will happen if/when…?
At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____
3.推测文章来源或读者对象
常见命题形式有:
The passage is probably take out of_____
The passage would most likely be found in_____
Where does this text probably come from?
4.写作意图、目的、态度推断题
作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里,只能通过细读文章,从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。
询问写作目的的题,选项里常出现的词是:explain(解释), prove (证明), persuade(劝说), advise(劝告), comment(评论), praise(赞扬), criticize(批评), entertain(娱乐), demonstrate(举例说明), argue(辩论), tell(讲述), analyze(分析)等。
询问语气态度的题,选项里常出现的词是:neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(满意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(热情的), subjective(主观的), objective(客观的), matter-of-fact(实事求是的), pessimistic(悲观的), optimistic(乐观的), critical(批评的), doubtful(怀疑的), hostile(敌对的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。
常见命题形式
The purpose of the text is_____
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____
What is the author’s attitude towards…?
What is the author’s opinion on…?
The author’s tone in this passage is _____.
解答技巧
推断题是考查大家透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据,切莫主观臆断。
①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选,要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。
②推理不是凭空猜测,而是立足已知推断未知;作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
③要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断。
四、词义猜测题
考点:
①猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义
②对文中的多义词或词组进行定义
③判断某个代词的指代的对象。常见命题形式有:
The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.
The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______.
The word “…”(Line 6. para.2)probably means ______.
The word “…”(Line 6. para.2)could best be replaced by which of the following?
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…” ?
解答技巧
1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词
首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等等)表示前因后果。
例如:You shouldn t have blamed him for that,for it wasn t his fault. 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。
通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通过构词法猜词
根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词词义。如:She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否定意义,故为“不太可能”之意。)
4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即drought,由此可见drought意思为"久旱","旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折号等来表示。
5.通过句法功能来推测词义
例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。
6.通过描述猜词
描述即作者对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
7. 根据常识猜词
如:The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.(lintel “过梁”。)
Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.(tiptoed “踮着脚走,蹑手蹑脚”)